The BBCH-scale (weed) identifies the phenological development stages of weed species. It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.
D = Dicotyledons
G = Gramineae
M = Monocotyledons
P = Perennial plants
V = Development from vegetative parts or propagated organs
No code letter is used if the description applies to all groups of plants.
Phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of weeds |
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Code | Plant type | Description |
Principal growth stage 0: Germination, sprouting, bud development | ||
00 | Dry seed | |
V | Perennating or reproductive organs during the resting period (tuber, rhizome, bulb, stolon) | |
P | Winter dormancy or resting period | |
01 | Beginning of seed imbibition | |
P, V | Beginning of bud swelling | |
03 | Seed imbibition complete | |
P, V | End of bud swelling | |
05 | Radicle (root) emerged from seed | |
V | Perennating or reproductive organs forming roots | |
06 | Elongation of radicle, formation of root hairs and/or lateral roots | |
07 | G | Coleoptile emerged from caryopsis |
D, M | Hypocotyl with cotyledons or shoot breaking through seed coat | |
P, V | Beginning of sprouting or bud breaking | |
08 | D | Hypocotyl with cotyledons or shoot growing towards soil surface |
V | Shoot growing towards soil surface | |
09 | G | Emergence: Coleoptile breaks through soil surface |
D, M | Emergence: Cotyledons break through soil surface (except hypogeal germination); | |
V | Emergence: Shoot/Leaf breaks through soil surface | |
P | Buds show green tips | |
Principal growth stage 1: Leaf development (main shoot) | ||
10 | G, M | First true leaf emerged from coleoptile |
D | Cotyledons completely unfolded | |
P | First leaves separated | |
11 | First true leaf, leaf pair or whorl unfolded | |
P | First leaves unfolded | |
12 | 2 true leaves, leaf pairs or whorls unfolded | |
13 | 3 true leaves, leaf pairs or whorls unfolded | |
1 . | Stages continuous till ... | |
19 | 9 or more true leaves, leaf pairs or whorls unfolded | |
Principal growth stage 2: Formation of side shoots / tillering | ||
21 | First side shoot visible | |
G | First tiller visible | |
22 | 2 side shoots visible | |
G | 2 tillers visible | |
23 | 3 side shoots visible | |
G | 3 tillers visible | |
2 . | Stages continuous till ... | |
29 | 9 or more side shoots visible | |
G | 9 or more tillers visible | |
Principal growth stage 3: Stem elongation /shoot development (main shoot) | ||
30 | Beginning of stem elongation | |
G | Beginning of shooting | |
31 | 1 visibly extended internode | |
G | 1 node stage | |
32 | 2 visibly extended internode; | |
G | 2 node stage | |
33 | 3 visibly extended internode | |
G | 3 node stage | |
3 . | Stages continuous till ... | |
39 | 9 or more visibly extended internodes | |
G | 9 or more nodes | |
Principal growth stage 4: vegetative propagation / booting (main shoot) | ||
40 | V | Vegetative reproductive organs begin to develop (rhizomes, stolons, tubers, runners, bulbs) |
41 | G | Flag leaf sheath extending |
42 | V | First young plant visible |
43 | G | Flag leaf sheath just visibly swollen (mid-boot) |
45 | G | Flag leaf sheath swollen (late-boot) |
47 | G | Flag leaf sheath opening |
49 | V | Constant new development of young plants; vegetative reproductive organs reach final size |
G | First awns visible | |
Principal growth stage 5: Inflorescence emergence (main shoot) / heading | ||
51 | Inflorescence or flower buds visible | |
G | Beginning of heading | |
55 | First individual flowers visible (still closed) | |
G | Half of inflorescence emerged (middle of heading) | |
59 | First flower petals visible (in petalled forms) | |
G | Inflorescence fully emerged (end of heading) | |
Principal growth stage 6: Flowering (main shoot) | ||
60 | First flowers open (sporadically) | |
61 | Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers open | |
63 | 30% of flowers open | |
65 | Full flowering: 50% of flowers open, first petals may be fallen | |
67 | Flowering finishing: majority of petals fallen or dry | |
69 | End of flowering: fruit set visible | |
Principal growth stage 7: Development of fruit | ||
71 | Fruits begin to develop | |
G | Caryopsis watery ripe | |
79 | Nearly all fruits have reached final size normal for the species and location | |
Principal growth stage 8: Ripening or maturity of fruit and seed | ||
81 | Beginning of ripening or fruit coloration | |
89 | Fully ripe | |
Principal growth stage 9: Senescence, beginning of dormancy | ||
97 | End of leaf fall, plants or above ground parts dead or dormant; | |
P, V | Plant resting or dormant |
Hess, M.; G. Barralis, H. Bleiholder, L. Buhr, Th. Eggers, H. Hack, R. Stauss (1997). "Use of the extended BBCH-scale - general for the description of the growth stages of mono- and dicotyledonous weed species.". Weed Research in press.